Introduction: "RO Water Purifier Solutions for Pure and Healthy Water"
Table of Contents
“Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water Purifier Solutions for Pure and Healthy Water” uses advanced technology to purify water of pollutants, contaminants, and harmful chemicals. This issue covers RO system technology, health benefits, and the wide range of applications for RO filtered water.
Let’s break down the topic into major points to explain:
Understanding Reverse Osmosis Technology:
Principles of Reverse Osmosis:
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a highly effective filtration method that removes many water contaminants. A semi-permeable membrane blocks contaminants and lets water molecules through.
RO’s operation and concepts are explained here:
Fundamental Principle:
Selective Permeability:
RO relies on the semi-permeable membrane’s ability to let some compounds through and block others. Water molecules pass through this membrane, but salts, bacteria, viruses, and chemicals do not.
Application of Pressure:
External Pressure:
Water on one side of the membrane must be pressured for the RO process to work. Reversing pure water flow across the membrane requires a pressure greater than osmotic pressure. Water is driven from an area with more solutes (contaminants) to one with fewer.
Cross-Flow Filtration:
What It Is:
Cross-flow filtration is used in RO, unlike classical filtration, which can get saturated. Water enters the system and is split into two streams: one goes through the membrane and produces purified product water, while the other carries impurities away from the membrane to clean it.
Stages of RO Filtration:
Pre-Filtration:
Water goes through pre-filters to remove big particles and chlorine, which can damage or clog the RO membrane.
RO Membrane:
The core stage, RO Membrane, presses water through the semi-permeable membrane to separate it from impurities.
RO Membrane:
After the RO membrane, water is commonly filtered with carbon filters to remove residual tastes and odors.
Osmotic Pressure:
Balancing Force:
Osmotic pressure pushes water across the membrane to the side with higher solute concentration to balance solute levels. By exerting pressure above the osmotic pressure, the RO process reverses this flow, purifying water from the lower concentration side.
An RO system’s ability to remove pollutants depends on membrane quality, pressure, and water flow rate. RO systems produce high-quality drinking water free of many pollutants using reverse osmosis.
Components of RO Systems:
Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems purify water and remove impurities using numerous components. Each component plays a specific role in purification, assuring system efficiency.
Here are the main RO system components:
Pre-Filters:
Sediment Filter:
Removes dirt, dust, sand, and other physical particles from the water, which helps protect the RO membrane from getting clogged.
Carbon Filter:
Typically comes after the sediment filter. It removes chlorine and other chemical contaminants that can damage the RO membrane and affect the taste and odor of the water.
RO Membrane:
The Heart of the System:
This semi-permeable membrane is designed to remove a wide range of contaminants, including dissolved salts, lead, mercury, calcium, iron, and bacteria. It does this by allowing only water molecules to pass through, leaving behind impurities that are too large to pass through the pores of the membrane.
Post-Filters:
Carbon Post-Filter:
After leaving the RO membrane, water flows through a carbon post-filter (or polish filter) to remove any leftover tastes and odors. This step makes water clear, tasteless, and odorless.
Storage Tank:
Water Storage:
Ro systems store cleansed water in a tank. Since the RO process is slow, filtered water must be available on demand. Most household systems employ pressurized tanks.
Check Valve:
Prevents Backflow:
This valve in the RO membrane outlet line prevents water backflow, which could rupture the membrane. It directs water flow in the system.
Flow Restrictor:
Regulates Flow:
This component regulates water flow through the membrane to slow it down for purification. It also keeps the concentrate side under pressure to eliminate impurities.
Drain Line:
Waste Removal:
This line removes concentrated pollutants from feed water as wastewater (or brine). It’s essential for membrane contamination prevention.
Faucet:
Dedicated Faucet:
A dedicated faucet is usually installed on the kitchen sink with most RO systems. This faucet releases RO tank-purified water.
Automatic Shut-Off Valve (ASOV):
Water Conservation:
The ASOV blocks water inflow when the storage tank is full. It prevents the system from delivering water to the drain when the tank is full.
These parts work together to purify water, making it safe to drink. An RO system’s performance and lifetime depend on regular filter and membrane replacement according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Health Benefits of RO Purified Water:
Removal of Contaminants:
A Reverse Osmosis (RO) water filter removes contaminants in numerous stages, each targeting specific impurities. This technology relies on a semi-permeable membrane and additional filtration stages.
In a RO system, pollutants are eliminated in stages:
Pre-Filtration Stage:
Pre-filtering water before reaching the RO membrane extends its life..
Sediment Filter:
Removes dirt, rust, and sediment. The sediment filter protects the RO membrane from clogging and removing smaller impurities by removing bigger particles early on.
Carbon Filter:
Activated carbon filters remove chlorine and chloramines, which can harm the RO membrane over time. As well as protecting the membrane, carbon filters remove organic molecules and improve water flavor and odor by absorbing impurities.
Reverse Osmosis Membrane:
The RO membrane reduces dissolved solids (TDS) like salts, minerals, and organic and inorganic chemicals the most.
Selective Permeability:
Only water molecules pass through the membrane’s tiny pores. Even ions are too big to enter through the membrane, separating them from the water.
Pressure Application:
External pressure is applied to water to overcome osmotic pressure (water’s natural tendency to migrate from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution). Water molecules pass across the membrane under pressure, flushing pollutants away.
Post-Filtration Stage:
Water usually travels through more filters after the RO membrane to increase its quality.
Carbon Post-Filter:
The carbon post-filter, also known as the polishing filter, removes any lingering taste and odor pollutants, making the water pleasant to drink.
Additional Stages:
UV light treatment and remineralization filters are added to some RO systems.
UV Treatment:
UV Treatment: Ultraviolet light kills germs, viruses, and other microbes, adding safety.
Remineralization Filter:
After RO filtration, water may be acidic and mineral-deficient. Some systems remineralize water to improve taste and pH.
Storage and Delivery:
Storage Tank:
Purified water is stored until needed. An automatic shut-off valve stops purification when the tank is full to save water.
Faucet:
A dedicated faucet delivers purified water without contaminants from normal plumbing.
RO water purifiers remove particles, dissolved solids, chemicals, and germs by merging these steps, making the water clean and safe to drink.
Improving Taste and Odor:
Improving flavor and odor in RO-treated water requires addressing both pollutants eliminated during purification and the water’s general quality and palatability after treatment. The RO system or additional treatments can improve the sensory characteristics of purified water:
Use of Carbon Filters:
Pre-Filtration Carbon Filter:
Adding activated carbon filters before the RO membrane removes chlorine and chloramines, popular disinfectants in municipal water systems that cause bad tastes and odors.
Post-Filtration Carbon Filter:
A post-carbon filter (sometimes called a polishing filter) can remove leftover tastes and odors after water goes through the RO membrane. This makes the water pure and tasty.
Remineralization Filters:
Mineral Infusion:
RO purification removes beneficial minerals and impurities, which might cause a flat flavor. Remineralization filters or cartridges add calcium, magnesium, and other minerals to the water, improving its flavor and making it more like spring water.
Maintaining System Cleanliness:
Regular Maintenance:
Filters and membranes can get blocked or saturated with pollutants, reducing system efficiency and purified water taste and odor. Regularly replacing filters and membranes according to manufacturer instructions optimizes performance and avoids microbiological development and pollutants that create off-tastes and odors.
System Sanitization:
The RO system, including the storage tank and pipelines, should be sanitized periodically to prevent bacteria and biofilm formation, which can cause bad tastes and odors.
PH Adjustment:
Alkaline Filters:
Due to mineral removal, RO-treated water may have an acidic pH. Increased pH from an alkaline filter or pH-balancing cartridges can offset the acidic flavor and make water taste better.
Ultraviolet (UV) Purification:
Post-RO Disinfection:
A UV purification stage as a final step can remove microbiological pollutants from water, even in little levels, which could impair taste and odor.
Aeration:
Oxygen Enrichment:
Exposing RO water to air or utilizing an oxygenation device increases dissolved oxygen levels and taste. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that generate odors can be removed by aeration.
These ways can improve the flavor and smell of RO cleansed water, making it safe, healthy, and tasty.
Environmental and Economic Considerations:
Water Conservation:
Due to its wastewater production, Reverse Osmosis (RO) water purifiers must conserve water. Water efficiency is often questioned in traditional RO systems due to their poor recovery ratio.
However, various methods and innovations can considerably enhance RO water purification water conservation:
Improved Membrane Technology:
More efficient RO membranes may reject pollutants at lower pressures thanks to membrane technology advances. High-efficiency membranes purify more water from the same input water, minimizing effluent.
Pressure-Regulated Flow Restrictors:
Flow restrictors maintain RO membrane pressure. These devices optimise back pressure to boost water recovery. Pressure-regulated flow restrictors fine-tune based on incoming water pressure, improving efficiency.
Water Recycling:
Water recycling or reuse permits some wastewater (brine or concentrate) to be cycled through the RO system again. This procedure extracts more filtered water from the starting amount, reducing waste.
Permeate Pump:
A permeate pump boosts RO system efficiency without adding power. These pumps reduce RO membrane back pressure by using brine waste flow energy to boost recovery ratio. This improves water saving and system performance.
Zero Waste Technology:
Some current RO systems use “zero waste” technology to recycle wastewater into the home’s hot water supply line. This reused water can be used to wash dishes or laundry, reducing waste.
Regular Maintenance and Monitoring:
RO system efficiency is maximized by regular maintenance, including filter and membrane replacement. Monitoring system performance can also reveal inefficiencies like water waste from blockage or wear, allowing for quick correction.
Water-Saving Faucets and Practices:
Educating users on water-saving methods like avoiding running the RO faucet and collecting unused RO water for plants or cleaning can also help conserve water. Installation of water-saving faucet aerators can also minimize sink water use, increasing conservation.
These measures can help RO water purifier users and producers conserve water, making them more sustainable and ecologically friendly.
Long-Term Cost Savings:
Following the initial purchase and installation costs, reverse osmosis (RO) water purifiers offer significant long-term cost advantages, making them a wise investment.
What RO systems do for cost efficiency:
Reduced Dependence on Bottled Water:
Cost Comparison:
RO water costs much less per gallon than bottled water. By installing a RO system, families and businesses can save money on bottled water, especially over time.
Environmental Benefit:
Reducing bottled water use reduces plastic waste, helping the environment.
Extended Appliance Lifespan:
from Protection Hard Water Damage:
By minimizing scale accumulation and hard water damage, a RO system can extend the lifespan of domestic goods like water heaters, dishwashers, and coffee makers.
Reduced Maintenance Costs:
Purified water-powered appliances require fewer maintenance and replacements, saving money.
Lower Healthcare Costs:
Improved Water Quality:
RO filtered water is free of harmful chemicals like lead, mercury, chlorine, pesticides, and germs. Better health from cleaner water may reduce medical costs from waterborne infections or chemical exposure.
Minimized Plumbing Repairs:
Less Corrosion and Buildup:
Chemicals and heavy metals that can damage pipelines and fittings are removed during purification. This can prolong plumbing system life and reduce corrosion and clog repair costs.
Energy Savings:
Efficient Operations:
Energy-efficient operations are a hallmark of modern RO systems, especially those with updated membrane technology that can function at lower pressures. These systems also prevent appliances from scale accumulation, making them more efficient and conserving energy.
Increased Property Value:
Appeal of Purified Water:
Homes equipped with advanced water filtration systems like RO purifiers can see an increase in property value. The availability of high-quality drinking water directly from the tap is an attractive feature for potential home buyers, potentially speeding up the sale process and increasing the sale price.
DIY Maintenance:
Savings on Service Calls:
RO system filters and membranes can be replaced by owners without professional assistance. DIY periodic maintenance can lower long-term costs.
Users must correctly maintain RO systems to optimize cost savings. Replacing filters and membranes regularly keeps the system.
Implementation and Maintenance:
Installation Requirements:
Reverse Osmosis (RO) water purifier installation requires various factors to ensure effective and high-quality purification.
This detailed guide covers typical installation requirements:
Water Pressure:
RO systems need water pressure to force water across the membrane. Pressure between 40 and 60 psi is optimal. If water pressure is excessively low or high, a booster pump or pressure regulator may be needed to prevent system damage.
Water Temperature:
Incoming water temperature affects RO system efficiency. Water temps between 77°F (25°C) optimize most systems. If water temperature deviates greatly from this range, system performance and water production may suffer.
Space and Placement:
Under-Sink Installation:
Most home RO systems fit under kitchen sinks. The filters, membrane, and storage tank need enough room.
Wall-Mounted Systems:
Some RO units are wall-mounted in regions with little or no under-sink space.
Consider Drainage:
Disposing of wastewater (brine) from filtering requires a drain line.
Type of Feed Water:
The quality of the entering water (municipal, well, etc.) can decide the necessity for pre-treatment. Private well water may need further filtration to remove sediments or iron before reaching the RO system.
Electrical Supply:
Traditional RO systems operate entirely on water pressure, but booster pumps, UV lights for post-treatment disinfection, and permeate pumps may require an electrical outlet.
TDS Level and Contaminants:
Knowing your water’s TDS and pollutants might assist you customize your RO system. This may affect the RO membrane and other filters or treatments needed to improve water quality.
Tools and Accessories:
Installation requires wrenches, tubing cutters, and potentially a drill to open the sink for the RO faucet. The kit should include tubing, connectors, and a faucet.
Compliance and Regulations:
Follow local building codes, especially for plumbing and waste water disposal changes.
Professional Assistance:
DIY installation is possible for many RO systems, but complex installations or local plumbing codes may require expert installation. The system may be implemented properly and efficiently by a professional plumber or water purification system installation who follows all regulations.
The RO water purifier must meet these installation requirements to offer safe, clean, and flavorful drinking water for your family.
Maintenance and Upkeep:
An RO (Reverse Osmosis) water purification system must be well-maintained to provide high-quality water. The system runs more effectively and lasts longer with regular maintenance.
A complete guide to maintenance and upkeep:
Filter Replacement:
Sediment and Carbon Filters:
These pre-filters remove silt, chlorine, and other pollutants that could damage the RO membrane. They should be replaced every 6–12 months, depending on water quality and consumption.
RO Membrane:
The RO Membrane removes most water pollutants and is the system’s heart. Depending on feed water quality and water filtered, the RO membrane should be replaced every 2–3 years.
Post-Filters
After passing through the RO membrane, water travels through a post-carbon filter to remove tastes and odors. This filter should be replaced every 6–12 months.
System Sanitization and Cleaning:
This method flushes the system with a cleaning solution to remove microbiological contaminants and fouling from the RO membrane. This can be done during filter modifications.
Check for Leaks:
Check for leaks and drips following filter changes and maintenance. Fixing leaks quickly prevents water damage and optimizes system performance.
Monitor Water Flow and Pressure:
A decrease in RO faucet water flow or a considerable rise in waste water could suggest a blocked filter or RO membrane. Monitor the system’s performance to determine maintenance needs.
Inspect and Replace Parts as Necessary:
- Check the storage tank, tubing, and fittings for wear and tear. To guarantee proper operation, check the storage tank’s air bladder pressure annually (usually 7 psi when empty).
- The auto shut-off valve and check valve, essential for the system’s automatic operation, should be examined and replaced as needed.
Keep the Exterior Clean:
Regularly clean the RO system and faucet outside to avoid dust and grime contamination.
Professional Maintenance:
If you’re unsure about maintenance or have a sophisticated system issue, get professional help. A skilled expert can inspect and maintain the system to maximize performance.
Regular maintenance is necessary to keep a RO system running and offer clean drinking water for years. Always follow manufacturer maintenance instructions for optimum results.
Challenges and Limitations:
Mineral Removal:
Some sophisticated Reverse Osmosis (RO) water purifiers can add minerals to cleaned water. An RO system removes pollutants and impurities from water, but the RO membrane can also filter out important minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium.
To mitigate this issue, some RO systems use filters or cartridges to remineralize water after the RO membrane. The purification process includes remineralization phases to improve taste, balance pH, and restore vital minerals lost during filtering.
Key Points about Remineralization in RO Systems:
Purpose:
Remineralization restores key minerals lost during RO purification, guaranteeing that filtered water is healthy and tasty.
Mineral Cartridges:
Some RO systems include mineral cartridges containing natural mineral stones or media that dissolve into the water to add important minerals.
Calcium and Magnesium:
Calcium and magnesium are essential for bone density, muscle function, and overall health. Reintroducing them into cleansed water can improve health.
pH Balancing:
Remineralization filters can make water more alkaline and improve its taste and health.
Personal Preference:
While remineralization benefits many users, some prefer clean water without minerals. These circumstances may allow bypassing remineralization or using customizable techniques.
RO filtration with remineralization stages gives people clean, pure water with needed minerals for excellent health. Check the RO system’s specifications to see if it has remineralization functions and how they might assist you.
Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact:
Reverse Osmosis (RO) water purifiers’ energy consumption and environmental impact can be reduced by improving efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental footprint.
There are numerous methods RO water purifiers can address these issues:
Energy-Efficient Components:
Sediment and Carbon Filters:
Modern RO membranes work at lower pressures, lowering the energy needed to drive water through. Energy use can drop dramatically with high-efficiency membranes
Permeate Pumps:
Installing a permeate pump can boost RO system efficiency without adding electricity. These pumps use concentrate stream energy to reduce back pressure and energy use, improving system performance.
Pressure Regulation:
Optimized Flow Restrictors:
The system functions at the ideal pressure with pressure-regulated flow restrictors, balancing water flow and energy consumption. Adjusting flow rate to incoming water pressure reduces waste and increases efficiency.
Conservation of water:
Recovery Ratio Improvement:
Improve RO system recovery ratio by recycling or reusing wastewater to reduce water waste and energy usage. Water recycling systems can reuse some concentrate for purification, enhancing efficiency.
Zero Waste Systems:
Some modern RO systems use zero waste technology to recycle concentrate water back into the household’s hot water supply, eliminating wastewater discharge and maximizing water consumption efficiency.
Monitoring and Maintenance:
Regular System Mainte:
Regular system maintenance, including filter replacements and system checks, keeps the RO system running well. Maintenance saves energy and reduces environmental effect.
Energy-Saving Practices:
Monitoring the system’s performance, checking for leaks, and promptly addressing any issues can help optimize energy consumption and reduce environmental impact over time.
Energy-Saving Practices:
Energy-Saving Practices: Monitoring system performance, checking for leaks, and fixing problems quickly helps reduce energy use and environmental effect.
Environmental Awareness:
Choosing Eco-Friendly Components:
Eco-Friendly Components: RO systems made of BPA-free plastics and recyclable materials reduce their environmental impact.
Proper Disposal:
For environmental protection, properly dispose of old cartridges and parts when replacing filters and components based on local recycling rules.
Educating Users:
Informing customers on energy-saving techniques like turning off the device when not in use and using purified water efficiently can reduce RO water purifier energy consumption.
These energy-efficient strategies and environmental considerations can help RO water purifiers run sustainably, decreasing energy use, waste, and environmental impact.
Advances and Future Directions:
Innovative Technologies:
Many new technologies have improved Reverse Osmosis (RO) water purifier efficiency, performance, and sustainability. These innovations target water waste, energy use, contaminant treatment, and system maintenance. Modern RO water purifiers use several unique technologies to boost efficiency:
High-Efficiency RO Membranes:
Proper Disposal:
Advanced RO membranes function at lower pressures while retaining high rejection rates, saving energy and boosting system efficiency.
Enhanced Pre-Filtration Techniques:
Multi-Stage Filtration:
Some RO systems use multiple pre-filtration stages with various filter media to remove specific pollutants, extending membrane life and purification efficiency.
Permeate Pumps:
Energy Recovery Devices (ERDs:
Permeate pumps pressurize input water using concentrate stream energy, lowering RO system energy use and boosting water efficiency.
Advanced Monitoring and Control Systems:
Smart Sensors:
Real-time sensors monitor water quality, pressure, and system performance to set automatic adjustments and maximize efficiency.
Electronic Solenoid Valves:
Automated Water Shut-Off:
Electronic solenoid valves control the water flow and shut off automatically when the storage tank is full, reducing water waste and preventing overflows.
Tankless RO Systems:
Direct Flow Design:
Electronic solenoid valves control water flow and shut off when the storage tank is full, reducing water wastage and stopping overflows.
Leak Detection Systems:
Automatic Leak Detection:
Tankless RO systems supply cleaned water on demand without a storage tank, improving water quality and lowering energy usage from tank refill cycles.
UV Disinfection Modules:
Post-RO UV Treatment:
Some RO systems have leak detection sensors that switch off the system to prevent water waste and damage.
Remineralization Filters:
Mineral Cartridges:
Adding ultraviolet (UV) disinfection modules after the RO process kills bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in purified water, improving water safety.
Smart Home Integration:
Smart Home Connectivity:
Filters with natural mineral media restore important minerals to purified water, correcting mineral depletion and increasing flavor and quality.
These breakthrough innovations have made RO water purifiers more effective, sustainable, and user-friendly, improving water purification, energy consumption, water waste, and performance.
Broader Applications:
Expanding Reverse Osmosis (RO) water filtration beyond household usage to agriculture, industry, and healthcare can improve water quality, efficiency, and sustainability. RO water purifiers can be used in more ways:
Agriculture:
Irrigation Systems:
Using RO water for agricultural irrigation can boost crop output and quality by giving plants with clean, mineral-free, easily absorbed water. This reduces irrigation system and soil salinization clogging.
Hydroponics and Aquaponics:
RO water is suitable for hydroponic and aquaponic systems since it doesn’t contain impurities that could harm fragile plants and aquatic life. Growth and productivity depend on water quality in these systems.
Industry:
Boiler Feedwater:
Industrial boiler feedwater is usually RO water. Remove contaminants from water to prevent scale buildup, corrosion, and boiler system damage, improving efficiency and equipment longevity.
Manufacturing Processes:
Industries like electronics and medicines use filtered water for manufacturing. RO systems ensure product quality and manufacturing efficiency by providing high-quality water.
Healthcare:
Hospitals and Clinics:
RO systems purify water for labs, sterilization, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and dialysis. Medical procedures and patient safety require high-quality water.
Dental Practices
To maintain cleanliness and infection control, dental offices utilize RO water for rinsing and sterilizing
Food and Beverage Industry:
Brewing and Distilling:
RO water is essential in brewing and distilling to provide mineral-free water for consistent taste and quality.
Food Processing:
RO water purification is essential for food processing applications such washing, ingredient preparation, and steam generation to meet strict food safety laws.
Municipal and Wastewater Treatment:
Potable Water Supply:
RO systems can be integrated into municipal water treatment plants to provide clean drinking water to urban populations.
Wastewater Reclamation:
RO technology can be used in wastewater treatment plants to recapture and recycle non-potable water, lowering freshwater strain.
Environmental Remediation:
Groundwater Remediation:
RO systems can remove contaminants and compounds from contaminated groundwater to improve water quality.
Marine and Brackish Water Desalination:
RO is a fundamental technique in desalination facilities, which turn seawater or brackish water into drinkable water for water-stressed communities.
By expanding the application of RO water purifiers into these sectors, significant advancements can be made in water quality, resource conservation, and efficiency across a wide range of industries and applications. RO technology offers versatile solutions for addressing diverse water purification needs, making it a valuable tool in promoting sustainability and enhancing various sectors’ operational processes.
Conclusion: "RO Water Purifier Solutions for Pure and Healthy Water"
Finally, clean, safe, and healthy water requires RO water purifiers.. RO systems remove toxins, impurities, and hazardous compounds from water using advanced filtration technology, providing clean drinking water.
These systems provide better flavor and odor, health protection against waterborne pollutants, and environmental sustainability by reducing bottled water use. RO technology developments include energy-efficient components, smart monitoring systems, and remineralization filters have improved RO water purifier efficiency, performance, and applicability across sectors.
Water quality, resource conservation, and operating efficiency are improved by RO water purifiers in home, agricultural, industrial, healthcare, and environmental remediation applications. RO systems are vital to health, sustainability, and well-being in homes and businesses because they provide clean, mineral-free water.
RO water purifier solutions provide clean, safe drinking water and benefit health, the environment, and water resource management. Using RO technology is a step toward a future where everyone has access to clean water.
For every gallon of cleaned water, reverse osmosis (RO) systems usually make 3 to 5 gallons of waste water. This doesn’t work well in places where water is scarce. RO also takes away minerals that are good for you, like calcium and magnesium, from water, which could be bad for your health. Another problem is that it uses a lot of energy and has high upkeep costs.
Minerals that are good for your health, like calcium and magnesium, are missing from RO water. Constantly drinking demineralized water can make you lack minerals, which is bad for your health in general. The acidity of RO water may also change the pH of the body.
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